Centro de Documentação da PJ
Monografia
 CD59 |
Informal value transfer systems, terrorism and money laundering [Documento electrónico] : a report to the National Institute of Justice / Nikos Passas.- [Massachusetts] : Northeastern University, 2003.- 1 CD-ROM ; 12 cm. - (IVTS Report)
Relatório submetido ao U.S. Department of Justice. Ficheiro de 1,95 Mb em formato pdf (137 f.). Também disponível em: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/208301.pdf. Acedido em 19 de Setembro de 2007.
BRANQUEAMENTO DE CAPITAIS, EVASÃO FISCAL, TERRORISMO, FINANCIAMENTO DO TERRORISMO, SISTEMA FINANCEIRO
Foreword. Summary of significant results and policy implications. Introduction. Definitions. Methods. A general overview: different types of IVTS. IFTS. IVTM. Background and methods of operation discovered or suspected. Physical transportation – courier service. In-kind payments. Hawala and Hundi. Terms used in Hawala networks. Hawala mechanics. The settlement process. How do hawaladars make profit? Documentation kept. Law enforcement challenges stemming from the nature of Hawala operations. Lack of record keeping and potential difficulties. In deciphering records. Too many records. Mixing of various businesses. Problems associated with the context of Hawala operations. Linguistic issues. Cultural differences. “Benami” accounts. International coordination and cooperation. Difficulty of policy assessments. International legal and administrative asymmetries. Indicators of use and abuse. Indicators of IFTS activity. Indicators of criminal abuse. The nexus with serious crime and terrorism. Policy implications. Conclusion. References. Appendix: Outline of Thirty Cases.