Centro de Documentação da PJ
Monografia
 CD268 |
Child sexual abuse [Documento electrónico] : interpreting medical statement conclusions and biological evidence detection in the criminal legal process / Minna Joki-Erkkilä.- Tampere, Finland : [s.n.], 2015.- 1 CD-ROM ; 12 cm. - (Acta Universitatis Tamperensis ; 2087)
Dissertação apresentada à School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finlândia, tendo como orientadores Pekka J. Karhunen, Pentti K. Heinonen. Ficheiro de 1,96 MB em formato PDF (92 p.).
ISBN 978-951-44-9888-6
CRIME SEXUAL, EXAME MÉDICO-LEGAL, ANÁLISE DE VESTÍGIOS, ADN, DIREITO PENAL, TESE, FINLÂNDIA
1 Introduction. 2 Review of Literature. 2.1 Clinical examination techniques. 2.2 Common misconceptions interpreting child sexual abuse. 2.2.1 Integrity of hymen. 2.2.2 Hymenal findings after vaginal penetration. 2.2.3 Anogenital healing. 2.2.3.1 Hymenal healing. 2.2.3.2 Non-hymenal healing studies on anogenital findings. 2.2.3.3 Time-frame since the last suspected sexual event to medical examination; findings and. healing. 2.2.4 Anogenital injury potential. 2.2.5 Consensual versus non-consensual anogenital injuries. 2.2.6 Anogenital findings and inexperienced examiner. 2.2.6.1 Some physical findings detected in both abused and non-abused children. 2.2.6.2 Hymenal findings in non-abused and in suspected sexual abuse children. 2.2.6.3 Anal findings in non-abused and in suspected sexual abuse children. 2.2.7 Hymen and use of tampons. 2.2.8 Multiple assailants. 2.2.9 Significance of the physician. 2.2.10 Biological evidence collection in suspected sexual abuse. 2.2.10.1 Detection of biological evidence in children. 2.2.10.2 Detection of spermatozoa in adolescents and /or adults. 2.2.10.3 Detection of Y-DNA in adolescents and /or adults. 2.3 Medical decision making. 2.4 Criminal legal process. 2.4.1 Physical findings and legal outcome. 2.4.2 Spermatozoa, DNA and legal outcome. 2.4.3 Other factors and legal outcome. 2.4.4 Elements for successful prosecution. 3 Aims of the Study. 4 Materials and Methods. 4.1 Data collection. 4.1.1 For evaluation of medical statement conclusions in the criminal legal process (I). 4.1.1.1 Exclusion criteria (I). 4.1.1.2 Variables collected from medical records, preliminary investigation files, prosecutor’s files,. District Court and Court of Appeal (I). 4.1.2 Participant recruitment for the studies II-IV. 4.1.2.1 Medical and sexual variables for studies II-IV. 4.2 Clinical forensic documentation and sampling techniques following consensual intercourse in adult. volunteers (II-IV). 4.2.1 Examination and documentation techniques for UV-study (II). 4.2.2 Vaginal and cervical sample collection (III). 4.2.3 Urine sample collection (IV). 4.3 Laboratory techniques (III-IV). 4.3.1 DNA extraction and quantification (III-IV). 4.3.2 Microscopic analysis (III-IV). 4.3.3 Contamination issues (III-IV). 4.3.4 Statistics. 4.3.5 Ethical considerations. 5 Results. 5.1 The criminal legal process and medical statement conclusions (I). 5.1.1 Study population and alleged victimization (I). 5.1.2 Criminal investigations and medical statement conclusions (I). 5.1.2.1 Medical findings (I). 5.1.2.2 Biological traces of evidence (I). 5.1.2.3 Type of suspected abuse (I). 5.1.2.4 Cases closed during criminal investigation (I). 5.1.3 Prosecution and medical statement conclusions (I). 5.1.3.1 Decisions to dismiss charges and medical statements (I). 5.1.4 Court decisions and medical statements (I). 5.1.4.1 Acquittals (I). 5.1.4.2 Perpetrator’s confession of CSA (I). 5.2 Evidence collection in volunteers (II-IV). 5.2.1 Detection of acute anogenital injury under white and UV-light (II). 5.2.1.1 Age and acute genital findings (II). 5.2.2 Genital scars under white and UV-light (II). 5.2.3 Forensic evidence specimens collected from vagina, cervical canal and urine (III-IV). 5.2.3.1 Cut-off limits of the possibility of identifying DNA from swab, brush and urine samples (III-IV). 5.2.3.2 Microscopy (III-IV). 5.2.4 Timing issues (II-IV). 5.2.4.1 Time-frame for injury detection (II). 5.2.4.2 Time-frame for Y-DNA detection (III-IV). 5.2.4.3 Time-frame for spermatozoa detection in microscopy (III-IV). 5.2.4.4 Possible factors affecting the detection of acute genital findings, genital scars, Y-DNA or spermatozoa (II-IV). 6 Discussion. 6.1 Medical statement conclusions in the criminal legal process (I). 6.1.1 The Child’s disclosure of alleged CSA (I). 6.1.2 Sexual violence and legal outcome (I). 6.2 The possibility of previous injury cannot be ruled out by delayed medical examination (II). 6.3 Forensic collection methods for spermatozoa and DNA following consensual intercourse (III-IV). 6.3.1 Spermatozoa and DNA collection in alleged CSA (I). 6.3.2 Timing of collecting biological forensic samples (III-IV). 6.4 Strengths, limitations and some ethical considerations. 6.5 Future implications. 7 Summary. 8 Conclusions.