Centro de Documentação da PJ
Monografia
 34964 | (LPC-GAE) |  |
The forensic examination and interpretation of tool marks / David Baldwin ..[et al.].- West Sussex : Wiley Blackwell, 2013.- xxiv, 243 p. ; 25 cm. - (Essentials of Forensic Science)
ISBN 978-1-119-97245-7
ANÁLISE DE VESTÍGIOS, MARCAÇÃO DE OBJECTOS, CIÊNCIA FORENSE, POLÍCIA CIENTÍFICA
About the Authors. Series Foreword: Essentials of Forensic Science. Foreword. Preface. About the Companion Website. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Overview of contents. 1.2 A brief history of tool marks. 1.3 General aspects of marks’ comparison. 1.4 Training requirements for examiners. 1.5 Good forensic practice. 1.6 Examination and comparison strategy. 1.6.1 Analysis. 1.6.2 Comparison. 1.6.3 Evaluation. 1.6.4 Verification. 1.7 Environment and equipment. 1.7.1 Basic requirements. 1.7.2 Examiner’s ‘toolbox’. 1.7.3 Test mark and casting materials. 1.7.4 Larger equipment. 1.7.4.1 The comparator. 1.8 Quality assurance. 1.9 A brief summary. References. 2 Tool Manufacture. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Working with metal. 2.3 Creating a tool ‘blank’. 2.3.1 Forging. 2.3.2 Blanking and shearing. 2.3.3 Metal cutting operations. 2.4 Finishing processes. 2.5 Wear, corrosion and damage. References. 3 Scene Examination. 3.1 Examining and recording the scene. 3.2 General preliminaries. 3.2.1 Verifying the circumstances. 3.2.2 Recording the scene. 3.2.3 Scene to scene linking. 3.2.4 Packaging. 3.3 Forced entry marks—levering. 3.3.1 Recovery of levering marks. 3.4 Forced entry marks—other. 3.4.1 Hammer-type attack. 3.4.2 Gripping tool attacks. 3.4.3 Motor vehicle entry. 3.5 Entry by cutting. 3.5.1 Padlock removal. 3.5.2 Breached security systems. 3.6 Theft of metal. 3.7 Examination of machines. 3.8 Pathology samples. 3.9 Collecting suspect tools. References. 4 Initial Laboratory Examination. 4.1 General preliminaries. 4.1.1 Receiving items. 4.1.2 Planning the examination. 4.1.3 Preparing for the examination. 4.1.4 Collecting the items. 4.1.5 Decontamination of item packaging. 4.1.6 Operating procedures. 4.1.7 Recording and opening the packaging. 4.1.8 Description of the item. 4.1.9 Examination of the item. 4.2 Mainly impressed marks. 4.2.1 Levering marks. 4.2.2 Impact marks. 4.2.3 Gripping marks. 4.2.4 The tool(s). 4.3 Mainly dynamic marks. 4.3.1 Levering marks with striations. 4.3.2 Cutting and stabbing marks. 4.4 Saw marks. 4.5 Post-mortem samples. 4.6 Alphanumeric punches. 4.7 Using tool marks for intelligence purposes. 4.7.1 Type and size of tool. 4.7.2 Scene-to-scene linking without a tool. 4.7.3 Scene-to-scene linking using a tool recovered from a scene. 4.7.4 Linking suspect’s tool(s) to previously unsuspected scenes. 4.7.5 Setting up a database. References. 5 Detailed Laboratory Examination. 5.1 First considerations. 5.2 Presentation of material to the comparator. 5.3 Impressed marks. 5.4 Marks with striations. 5.4.1 Sliding marks. 5.4.2 Double-bladed cutting tools. 5.4.3 Stab marks (in tyres and bones). 5.5 Saw marks. 5.5.1 Initial and final cuts. 5.5.2 Sawn ends. 5.6 Specialised marks. 5.6.1 Alphanumeric punches. 5.6.2 Drill marks. 5.6.3 Slide hammers. 5.6.4 Pipe cutters. 5.7 Other considerations. 5.7.1 Test marks made in situ. 5.7.2 Amount of detail required for comparison. 5.7.3 Use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). References. 6 Interpretation and Evaluation. 6.1 Introduction. 6.1.1 Interpretation. 6.1.2 Evaluation. 6.1.3 Interpretation and evaluation. 6.1.4 Scene-to-scene linking. 6.2 Considerations as the laboratory examination progresses. 6.2.1 Eliminations and inconclusive evidence. 6.2.2 Identifications and levels of support. 6.3 Other considerations. 6.4 Verification. 6.5 After the examination. 6.6 Quality assurance. References. 7 Manufacturing Marks: Involving Tool Mark Related Examinations. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Screws. 7.3 Insulated cable. 7.4 Copied coins. 7.5 Security ties/tags. Reference. 8 Physical Fits: Involving Tool Mark Related Examinations. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Scene examination. 8.3 Categories of physical fit and laboratory examination. 8.3.1 Jigsaw fits. 8.3.1.1 Multiple broken pieces. 8.3.2 Physical fits requiring tool mark skills. 8.3.3 Physical fits requiring knowledge of manufacturing detail. 8.3.3.1 Broken items. 8.3.3.2 Cut items. 8.3.4 Contact ‘fits’. 8.4 Evaluation. 9 Plastic Film Examinations. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 The ‘blown film’ process. 9.2.1 Extrusion. 9.2.2 Bag production and construction. 9.2.2.1 Heat sealing, perforating and cutting. 9.2.2.2 Gussets. 9.2.2.3 Press seals. 9.2.2.4 Printing. 9.3 Laboratory considerations. 9.3.1 Preliminaries. 9.3.2 Equipment. 9.4 Laboratory examination and evaluation. 9.4.1 Pigmented bags. 9.4.1.1 One unknown bag versus one known bag. 9.4.1.2 Unknown bag(s) versus a roll/set of known bags. 9.4.2 Self-seal bags. 9.4.3 Wrapping film. 9.4.4 Self-adhesive tape. References. 10 Summary. References. Glossary.