Centro de Documentação da PJ
Monografia

3036820.C.35
JONES, Stephen
Criminology / Stephen Jones.- 4th ed.- Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2009.- XVIII, 447 p. ; 25 cm
ISBN 978-0-19-921809-7

CRIMINOLOGIA, PSICOLOGIA CRIMINAL, CRIMINOLOGIA SOCIAL, INVESTIGAÇÃO CRIMINAL, SOCIOLOGIA CRIMINAL, CONTROLO DO CRIME

Introduction - Criminology: its origins and research methods. The origins of criminology. The development of criminology in Britain. The development of criminology in the USA. Britain's radical contribution. The past thirty years. Methods of criminological research. Quantitative research. Qualitative research. Conclusion. PART I – Crime and crime control: alternative discourses. 1. Crime: definitions and conflicting images. Problems of definition and context. Alternative definitions of 'criminal' behaviour. Crime is in the eye of the beholder. Crime as protecting the interests of the powerful. Conflicting images of crime. Autonomous behaviour v structural forces. Rich law v poor law. Corporate crime v street crime. Terrorism v justifiable state action. Conclusion. 2. The statistics on crime and their meaning. Court statistics. Police statistics. Reporting crime. Recording crime. The counting rules. The National Crime Recording Standard. Victim surveys. Self-report surveys. International crime comparisons. Official data. The International Crime Victims Survey. The International Study of Self- Reported Delinquency. Conclusion. 3. The media and ‘law and order'. Legal constraints on the media. Sources of the media's information on crime. The police. Other sources of information. Selection of crime news. The content of crime news. A media agenda? The implications of the media's portrayal of crime. Deviance amplification. Moral panic. Public perception of crime. Effect on attitudes and behaviour. Effect on sentencers. Conclusion. PART II – Sociological explanations of crime. 4. The classical and positivist traditions. Pre-Enlightenment Europe. The classical school. Cesare Beccaria. Jeremy Bentham. Problems with classicism. The neoclassical school. The positivist school. Quetelet and Guerry. Cesare Lombroso. Enrico Ferri. Raffaele Garofalo. Evaluation. The classical and positivist approaches: later developments. Conclusion. 5. Crime and the environment. The Victorian slum. The Chicago School and social disorganisation. Differential association - the interactionist link. Evaluation of differential association. The legacies of the Chicago School. Post-war developments in Britain. The growth of modem environmental criminology. Effects on social policy – USA. Effects on social policy – Britain. Conclusion. 6. Poverty, anomie and strain. Crime and poverty. Crime and unemployment. Economic inequality. Conclusion. Functionalism and anomie. Emile Durkheim. Merton, anomie and strain. Durkheim and Merton. Evaluation of Merton's theory. Empirical support. Early developments of anomie theory. More recent developments of anomie theory. Agnew's general strain theory. 'Crime and the American Dream'. ‘The Exclusive Society'. Conclusion. 7. Subcultural theories. Frederick M Thrasher. William F Whyte. Albert K Cohen. Walter B Miller. Criticism. Richard A Cloward and Lloyd E Ohlin. Delinquency and opportunity: criticisms. Evaluation of American subcultural theories. David Matza. The early British research. British subcultures in the 1970s. The new millennium-from gangs to delinquent youth groups. Girls and subcultures. Race and gangs. Conclusion. 8 Interactionism and phenomenology. Interactionism. Evaluation. Policy implications. Reintegrative shaming. Conclusion. Phenomenology and ethnomethodology. Katz's 'Seductions of Crime'. Cultural criminology. Evaluation. 9. Conflict, Marxist and radical theories of crime. Conflict theorists. Thorsten Sellin. George Vold. Ralf Dahrendorf. Austin T Turk. The transition. Richard Quinney 1. William Chambliss 1. Evaluation of conflict criminology. Marxist criminology. Willem Bonger. Richard Quinney 2. William Chambliss 2. Marxism and crime in Britain: ‘The New Criminology'. Evaluation of Marxist criminology. Late modernism and the post modem condition. 'The 'risk society'. Post modernism. Peacemaking criminology. Constitutive criminology. Conclusion. 10. Realist criminology and victims. Right Realism. Evaluation. Left Realism. Evaluation. Victims. Conclusion. 11. Theories of control. Early social control theories. Travis Hirschi and social control. Gottfredson and Hirschi's individual control theory. Hagan's power control theory. Control theory in Britain. Evaluation. Tittle's control balance. Conclusion. 12. Gender and crime. The extent of female crime. Traditional criminology: biological and psychological explanations. Cesare Lombroso. W I Thomas. Sigmund Freud. Otto Pollak. Later positivist work. Traditional criminology: sociological explanations. Female emancipation. Radical feminism. Masculinities and crime. Masculinities and crime: problems. Conclusion. PART III – Biologic and psychological aspects of crime. 13. Biological factors and crime. Constitutional factors. Cesare Lombroso. Charles Goring. Earnest Hooton. William Sheldon and body types. Genetic factors. Twin studies. Adoption studies. Chromosome abnormalities. Biochemical factors. Neurotransmitters. Hormones. Nutrition and hypoglycaemia. The environment. Central nervous system. Epilepsy. Brain damage and dysfunction. Autonomic nervous system. Alcohol and drugs. Alcohol. Drugs. Conclusion. 14. Intelligence, mental disorder and crime. Intelligence and crime. Background. Intelligence and crime. Race, intelligence and crime. Conclusion. Mental disorder and crime. The legal definition. The relationship between crime and mental disorder. Mental disorder in criminals. Criminal behaviour in mentally disordered populations. Forms of mental disorder. Mental disorder and violence. Conclusion. 15. Personality theories. The search for 'criminal' traits. Psychoanalytic explanations of crime. The Freudian personality. Phases of personality development. Methods of dealing with instinctual urges. Resolution of the Oedipus complex. Later problems with the superego. Attachment. Evaluation. Conclusion. Learning theories. Classical conditioning. Operant learning. Social learning theory. Rational choice theory. TV and film violence. Differential association theory. Eysenck's theory of criminality. Structure of personality. The biological basis of personality. Socialisation. Gordon Trasler. Evaluation. Conclusion. 16. Violent, aggressive and sexual offences. Violent and aggressive offences. Frequency of violent offences. Explanations of violent offending. Factors precipitating violence. The aggressive personality. Spouse or partner abuse. Child abuse. Sexual offences. Frequency of sexual offences. Explanations of sexual offending. Exposure. Sexual offences against children. Rape. Conclusion. And finally ... Bibliography.