343.13ROB1)a)[2](1.ex.)
Monografia
77640
ROBERTSON, Bernard, e outros
Interpreting evidence : evaluating forensic science in the courtroom / by Bernard Robertson, G. A. Vignaux, Charles E. H. Berger.- 2ª ed. - [Chichester] : Wiley, [copy. 2016]. - XIII, 197 p. ; 25 cm
ISBN 978-1-118-49248-2 (Broch.) : compra
DIREITO PROCESSUAL PENAL, PROVA PENAL, MEIO DE PROVA, INTERPRETAÇÂO JURÍDICA
Preface to the First Edition. Preface to the Second Edition. 1: INTRODUCTION. 1.1- Three ‘principles’. 1.2- Dreyfus, Bertillon, and Poincaré. 1.3- Requirements for Forensic Scientific Evidence. 1.4- What We Will Cover. 2: INTERPRETING SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE. 2.1- Relevance and Probative Value. 2.2- The likelihood ratio and bayes’ theorem. 2.3- Admissibility and Relevance. 2.4- Case Studies. 2.5- Summary. 3: THE ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS. 3.1- Some Symbols. 3.2- Which Alternative Hypothesis? 3.3- Exclusive, Exhaustive, and Multiple Hypotheses. 3.4- Immigration and Paternity Cases. 3.5- ‘It Was My Brother’. 3.6- Traces at the Scene and Traces on the Suspect. 3.7- Hypothetical Questions. 3.8- Pre-Trial Conferences and Defence Notice. 3.9- Case Studies. 3.10- Summary. 4: WHAT QUESTIONS CAN THE EXPERT DEAL WITH? 4.1- The Hierarchy of Propositions. 4.2- The Ultimate Issue Rule. 4.3- Summary. 5: EXPLAINING THE STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE. 5.1- Explaining the Likelihood Ratio. 5.2- The Weight of Evidence. 5.3- Words Instead of Numbers? 5.4- Dealing with Wrongly Expressed Evidence. 5.5- Case Studies. 5.6- Summary. 6: THE CASE AS A WHOLE. 6.1- Combining Evidence. 6.2- Can Combined Weak Evidence Be Stronger Than Its Components? 6.3- The Standard of Proof and the Cost of Errors. 6.4- Assessing Prior Odds. 6.5- The Defence Hypothesis and the Prior Odds. 6.6- Case Studies. 6.7- Summary. 7: FORENSIC SCIENCE METHODOLOGY. 7.1- A General Methodology for Comparative Analysis. 7.2- Assessing the Performance of an Expert or a Comparison System. 7.3- System Performance Characteristics. 7.4- Case Assessment and Interpretation (CAI). 7.5- Context Bias. 7.6- Summary. 8: ASSIGNING LIKELIHOOD RATIOS. 8.1- DNA. 8.2- Glass Refractive Index. 8.3- Colour Comparison. 8.4- Fingerprints. 8.5- Signatures. 8.6- Psychological Evidence. 8.7- Summary. 9: ERRORS OF THINKING. 9.1- A Brace of Lawyers’ Fallacies. 9.2- Double-Counting Evidence? 9.3- The Accuracy and Reliability of Scientific Evidence. 9.4- Case Studies. 9.5- Summary. 10: FREQUENTIST STATISTICS AND DATABASE MATCHING. 10.1- The Frequentist Statistical Approach. 10.2- Databases. 10.3- The Right Questions and the Wrong Questions. 10.4- Summary. 11: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LEGAL SYSTEM. 11.1- What Is Expert Evidence? 11.2- Who Is an Expert? 11.3- Insanity and the Ultimate Issue Rule. 11.4- Novel Forms of Scientific Evidence. 11.5- Knowledge of Context. 11.6- Court-Appointed Experts. 11.7- Summary. 12: CONCLUSION. 12.1- Forensic Science as a Science. 12.2- Conclusions. 12.3- The Fundamental Questions. APPENDIX. A.1- Probability, Odds, Bayes’ Rule and the Weight of Evidence. A.2- Laws of Probability. A.3- The Weight of Evidence.