Monografia
| 2502 | DIt Pb 33 |
EUROPEAN ASYLUM SUPPORT OFFICE
Exclusion : articles 12 and 17 Qualification Directive (2011/95/EU) : a judicial analysis / EASO - European Asylum Support Office.- Luxembourg : Publications Office of the European Union, 2015.- 105p. ; 30 cm. - (Support is our mission)
Disponível em formato PDF no endereço: https://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/files/public/Exclusion%20Final%20Print%20Version.pdf
ISBN 978-92-9243-804-3 (Brochado) : Oferta
DIREITO INTERNACIONAL PÚBLICO, EXCLUSÃO DO ESTATUTO DE REFUGIADO, REFUGIADO, ANÁLISE JUDICIAL
Preface. 1. EXCLUSION - AN OVERVIEW. 1.1 The origin from the Refugee Convention. 1.2 Article 12 - The rationale behind exclusion clauses. 1.3 Mandatory exclusion. 1.4 Exclusion within the broader European concept of protection. 1.5 The roles of the CJEU and ECtHR. 2. Exclusion from refugee status (Article 12). 2.1 Article 12(1) - Exclusion due to protection already being provided. 2.1.1 Article 12(1)(a) - Assistance of the United Nations. 2.1.1.1 ‘within the scope of Article 1(D) of Refugee Convention’. 2.1.1.2 When such protection ‘has ceased for any reason’. 2.1.1.3 ‘shall ipso facto be entitled to the benefits of this Directive’. 2.1.2 Article 12(1)(b) - Recognition of rights by the country of residence. 2.1.2.1 ‘the country in which he has taken up residence’. 2.1.2.2 ‘is recognised by the competent authorities’. 2.1.2.3 ‘rights and obligations attached to the possession of the nationality of the country’. 2.2 Article 12(2) - Exclusion because undeserving of international protection. 2.2.1 Considerations common to all three exclusion grounds. 2.2.1.1 The objective. 2.2.1.2 Exclusion not conditional on a present danger for the host state. 2.2.1.3 No further assessment of proportionality (no balancing). 2.2.2 Article 12(2)(a) - Crime against peace, war crime, crime against humanity. 2.2.2.1 Crime against peace - Aggression. 2.2.2.2 War crime. 2.2.2.3 Crime against humanity. 2.2.3 Article 12(2)(b) - Serious non-political crime. 2.2.3.1 Material scope (I) - The elements of crime. 2.2.3.2 Material Scope (II) - The requirement of seriousness (‘serious crime’). 2.2.3.3 Material scope (III) - The non-political nature of the crime committed. 2.2.3.4 Territorial and temporal scope - Outside the country of refuge prior to admission. 2.2.4 Article 12(2)(c) - Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. 2.2.4.1 Material scope. 2.2.4.2 Terrorism. 2.2.4.3 Personal scope. 2.3 Individual Responsibility (Article 12(3)). 2.3.1 Criteria for determining individual responsibility. 2.3.2 Applicant as perpetrator of excludable acts. 2.3.3 International standards when determining individual responsibility. 2.3.4 ‘Incite...’. 2.3.5 Contribution (‘[…] or otherwise participate’). 2.3.5.1 Aiding and abetting. 2.3.5.2 Joint criminal enterprise/common purpose liability. 2.3.6 Command or superior responsibility for persons in positions of authority. 2.3.7 Membership. 2.3.8 Presumption of individual responsibility. 2.4 Defences and mitigating circumstances. 2.5 Expiation. 3. EXCLUSION FROM SUBSIDIARY PROTECTION (ARTICLE 17). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Article 17(1) - Exclusion grounds. 3.2.1 Article 17(1)(a) - Crime against peace, war crime or crime against humanity. 3.2.2 Article 17(1)(b) - Serious crime. 3.2.3 Article 17(1)(c) - Acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. 3.2.4 Article 17(1)(d) - Danger to the community or security of the Member State. 3.3 Article 17(2). 3.4 Article 17(3). 4. PROCEDURAL ASPECTS. 4.1 Serious reasons for considering. 4.1.1 Standard of proof. 4.1.2 Burden of proof. 4.1.3 No criminal conviction necessary. 4.2 Individual assessment. APPENDIX A - Selected relevant international provisions. APPENDIX B - Decision Trees. APPENDIX C - Methodology. APPENDIX D - Select bibliography. APPENDIX E - Compilation of jurisprudence.