Biblioteca TACL


Monografia
2500DIt Pb 31


EUROPEAN ASYLUM SUPPORT OFFICE
EASO country of origin information report : south and central Somalia : country overview / EASO - European Asylum Support Office.- Luxembourg : Publications Office of the European Union, 2014.- 148p ; il. ; 30 cm. - (Support is our mission)
Disponível em formato PDF no endereço: https://www.easo.europa.eu/sites/default/files/public/COI-Report-Somalia.pdf
ISBN 978-92-9243-262-1 (Brochado) : Oferta

DIREITO INTERNACIONAL PÚBLICO, SEGURANÇA REGIONAL, SITUAÇÃO POLITICA, DIREITOS DO INDIVÍDUO, AGITAÇÃO POLÍTICA, GRUPO RELIGIOSO, PRIVAÇÃO DE DIREITOS, GUERRA CIVIL, SOMÁLIA

Introduction. Map of South and Central Somalia. 1. General country information. 1.1 Geography. 1.1.1 Landscape. 1.1.2 Climate. 1.1.3 Administrative divisions. 1.1.4 Cities. 1.1.4.1 General. 1.1.4.2 Mogadishu. 1.1.4.3 Kismayo. 1.1.4.4 Belet Weyne. 1.1.5 Transport infrastructure. 1.2 Demography. 1.2.1 Population. 1.2.2 Ethnic groups. 1.2.3 Languages and spelling. 1.2.3.1 Languages. 1.2.3.2 Spelling and pronunciation. 1.2.4 Religion. 1.3 Short history. 1.3.1 From independence to military rule (1960-1970). 1.3.2 Civil war (1988-1991). 1.3.3 Clan War and State Collapse. 1.3.4 Islamist advance and retreat. 1.3.5 Failed attempts to restore peace. 1.3.6 Al‑Shabaab insurgency. 1.3.7 Al‑Shabaab pushed back, but not defeated (February 2012-Today). 1.4 State structure and political landscape. 1.4.1 Parliament, government, administration. 1.4.2 Federalism (Somaliland, Puntland, Jubbaland, Galmudug). 1.4.3 The Judiciary 27 1.4.4 Somali Police Force (SPF). 1.4.5 Somali National Armed Forces (SNAF). 1.4.6 AMISOM. 1.4.7 National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA). 1.5 Education. 1.5.1 Literacy and enrolment. 1.5.2 Curriculum. 1.5.3 Educational institutes and organisations. 1.5.4 Education under Al‑Shabaab. 1.6 Media and (tele-) communication. 1.6.1 Media. 1.6.2 Telecommunication. 1.6.3 Money transfer. 1.7 Health care. 1.8 Socioeconomic and humanitarian situation. 1.8.1 Socioeconomic situation. 1.8.2 Humanitarian situation. 1.8.2.1 Humanitarian organisations. 1.8.2.2 Impact of military offensive. 1.8.2.3 Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). 1.9 Documents. 1.9.1 General remarks. 1.9.2 Identity documents (ID cards, passports). 1.9.3 Birth, marriage, divorce and death certificates. 1.9.4 Other documents. 2. Clan system and ethnic groups. 2.1 Majority Clans. 2.2 Minority groups. 2.2.1 Ethnic minority groups. 2.2.2 Occupational groups, 2.2.3 Discrimination of minority groups, 2.2.4 Client relationships of minority groups, 2.3 Clan maps. 2.4 Customary law (Xeer). 2.5 Clan protection/support. 3. Security situation and Al‑Shabaab. 3.1 Political Security Risks. 3.1.1 Damul Jadiid and The Federal Government of Somalia (FGS). 3.1.2 Federalism. 3.2 Security Forces. 3.2.1 African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) and UN Guard Unit (UNGU). 3.2.2 Somali National Armed Forces (SNAF). 3.2.2.1 Somali National Armed Forces (SNAF) – Issues. 3.2.3 Somali Police Force (SPF). 3.2.4 National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA). 3.3 General Security Situation. 3.4 Areas of Control / Areas of Influence - Anti- Al‑Shabaab Forces. 3.4.1 Newly Liberated Areas - ‘Operation Eagle’. 3.4.1.1 Challenges. 3.4.1.2 Possible further advances. 3.4.2 Lower Jubba (AMISOM Sector II - Kenya) – Interim Jubba Administration. 3.4.2.1 Kismayo. 3.4.3 Gedo (AMISOM Sector III - Ethiopia). 3.4.4 Gedo and Bakool - Clan Militias. 3.4.5 Bakool (AMISOM Sector III - Ethiopia). 3.4.6 Bay (AMISOM Sector III - Ethiopia). 3.4.7 The Luuq‑Baidoa‑Mogadishu Corridor. 3.4.8 Lower Shabelle (AMISOM Sector I - Uganda). 3.4.9 Benadir and Mogadishu (AMISOM Sector I - Uganda). 3.4.9.1 Targeted Killings. 3.4.9.2 New City Administration/Militias. 3.4.10 Middle Shabelle (AMISOM Sector V - Burundi). 3.4.11 Hiiraan and Galgaduud (AMISOM Sector IV - Burundi/Djibouti). 3.4.11.1 Belet Weyne. 3.4.11.2 Area of Ahlu Sunna wal Jamaa (ASWJ). 3.4.12 Ximan & Xeeb. 3.4.13 Galmudug. 3.5 Al‑Shabaab. 3.5.1 Areas of Control/Areas of Influence (Mogadishu: see above). 3.5.2 Al‑Shabaab after ‘Operation Eagle’. 3.5.3 Outlook. 3.5.4 Manpower. 3.5.5 Structure. 3.5.6 Recruitment Activities and Forced Recruitment. 3.5.7 Forced Recruitment of Girls and Women. 3.5.8 Deserters. 3.5.9 Al‑Shabaab and Clans. 3.5.10 Daily Life and Popular Support. 3.5.11 Zakat and other sources of income. 3.5.12 Intra‑Al‑Shabaab Conflicts. 3.6 Piracy. 4. Human Rightssituatio. 4.1 Legal context. 4.1.1 International treaties. 4.1.2 National legislation. 4.1.2.1 The Provisional Constitution. 4.1.2.2 National Laws. 4.1.2.3 Citizenship. 4.2 General situation. 4.2.1 Unlawful deprivation of life. 4.2.2 Disappearances. 4.2.3 Arbitrary arrest and detention. 4.2.4 Torture and other cruel, inhumane, degrading treatment and punishments. 4.2.5 Detention and prison conditions. 4.2.6 Access to law enforcement and denial of fair trial. 4.3 Specifically targeted groups. 4.3.1 Ethnic minorities and occupational groups. 4.3.1.1 Bantu/Jareer. 4.3.1.2 Benadiri/Reer Xamar. 4.3.1.3 Occupational groups. 4.3.1.4 Mixed marriages between majority clans and minority groups. 4.3.1.5 Women from minority groups. 4.3.2 Religious minorities. 4.3.3 Journalists. 4.3.3.1 The draft media law. 4.3.3.2 Journalists in Al‑Shabaab area. 4.3.4 Civil servants, (I)NGO workers, activists. 4.3.5 Returnees from Western countries. 4.3.6 Residents in Al‑Shabaab‑controlled areas. 4.3.6.1 Punishments. 4.3.6.2 Forced marriages by Al‑Shabaab. 4.4 Position of vulnerable persons. 4.4.1 Women. 4.4.1.1 Sexual and Gender‑based violence. 4.4.1.2 Forms of marriage. 4.4.1.3 Early marriages. 4.4.1.4 Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C). 4.4.2 Children. 4.4.2.1 Child soldiers under Al‑Shabaab. 4.4.2.2 Child soldiers amongst SNAF and AMISOM. 4.4.2.3 Street children. 4.4.3 LGBT. 5. Migration, displacement and internal mobility. 5.1 Possibility to leave the country. 5.2 Possibility to travel within the country. 5.3 IDPs. 5.4 Refugees. 5.5 Return. 5.5.1 Voluntary Return: Diaspora. 5.5.2 (Assisted) Voluntary Return: IDPs. 5.5.3 (Assisted) Voluntary Return: Refugees. 5.5.4 Forced Return. Annex 1: List of sources. Annex 2: Terms of Reference.