Centro de Documentação da PJ
Monografia
 CD290 |
The expanding spectrum of espionage by Americans, 1947 – 2015 [Documento electrónico] / Katherine L. Herbig.- Seaside, CA : Office of People Analytics. Defense Personnel and Security Research Center, 2017.- 1 CD-ROM ; 12 cm
Technical Report 17-10 (August 2017).
ESPIONAGEM, METODOLOGIAS
Preface. Executive summary. Introduction. Background. Organization of the report. Method. Part 1 Characteristics of espionage by Americans. Personal attributes. Employment and clearance. Espionage offenders without security clearances. Elements of the act of espionage. How information has been transmitted. Consequences of espionage. Motivations. Strong motivations for espionage. Motivations through time. Examples of spying for money. Examples of spying from divided loyalties. Ingratiation, coercion, thrills, and recognition. Helping and ingratiation. Part 2 Types of espionage by Americans. Five types of espionage. Elements of classic espionage. Classification and legal dimensions of classic espionage. Leaks as a type of espionage. Shamai Leibowitz. Stephen Jin-Woo Kim. John Kiriakou. Donald Sachtleben. Bradley Manning. Matthew Diaz. Lawrence Franklin. Edward Snowden. Acting as an agent of a foreign government as a type of espionage. Individuals charged as agents of a foreign government. Classic spies who were also convicted as foreign agents. Employees of foreign Intelligence Services. Persons not convicted of classic espionage, but convicted of acting as agents of foreign governments, solely or with other charges. Violations of export control laws as a type of espionage. Three export control statutes. Enforcement of export control. Economic espionage. Trade secrets. The Economic Espionage Act of 1996. Part 3 Context and recommendations. Changes in context that shape current espionage. Information and Communications Technology (ICT). Globalization. Implications of this context for revisions to the espionage statutes. Revise Title 18 U.S.C. § 792 through 798. Revise espionage-related statutes to reflect cyber capabilities, globalization, and the internet. Reconcile statutes that apply to the five types of espionage. References. Appendix A: espionage as an insider threat. Appendix B: List of the 209 individuals in this study and selected characteristics. List of tables.